superabundance of

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* * *

ăb-undo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n.

Lit., of a wave, to flow over and down, to overflow (while redundo signifies to flow over a thing with great abundance of water, to inundate): apud abundantem antiquam amnem, Att. ap. Non. 192, 4 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.):

flumina abundare ut facerent,

Lucr. 6, 267; cf. id. 1, 282; Verg. G. 3, 484; and in the beautiful figure in Plaut.: ripis superat mi atque abundat pectus laetitiā, for joy, my heart swells above its banks and overflows, Stich. 2, 1, 6:

ita abundavit Tiberis, ut, etc.,

Liv. 30, 38, 10; cf.:

quando aqua Albana abundāsset,

id. 5, 15, 11: so,

fons in omnem partem,

Plin. 18, 22, 51, § 188.

Transf.

Poet., of plants, to shoot up with great luxuriance:

de terris abundant herbarum genera ac fruges,

Lucr. 5, 920 (in Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 3, the better read. is obundantes, Enn. p. 65 Vahl.).

In gen., to abound, to be redundant:

sive deest naturae quippiam, sive abundat atque affluit,

Cic. Div. 1, 29, 61:

abundabant et praemia et operae vitae,

Plin. H. N. 14, prooem. § 4.—Once with dat.:

tenuioribus magis sanguis, plenioribus magis caro abundat,

Cels. 2, 10.

To overflow with any thing, to have an abundance or superabundance of, to abound in (the most usual signif.); constr. with abl., and once poet. with gen. (cf. Rudd. II. p. 189 n.).

With abl.:

divitiis,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 17:

villa abundat porco, haedo, agno, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

praeceptis philosophiae,

id. Off. 1, 1:

ingenio, otio,

id. de Or. 1, 6, 22:

mulier abundat audaciā,

id. Clu. 84: cujus oratio omnibus [p. 14] ornamentis abundavit, id. Balb. 7:

equitatu,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

magna copiā frumenti,

id. ib. 8, 40:

aquā, Auct. B. Alex. 1: et aequalium familiaritatibus et consuetudine propinquorum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58:

clientibus,

Quint. 5, 10, 26.— Poet.: amore abundas, you are too fortunate in love (successu prospero affluis, Don.), Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 11; cf. Lucil.: ille abundans cum septem incolumis pinnis redit, ap. Don. Ter. l. c.—

With gen.: quarum et abundemus rerum et quarum indigeamus, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 498, 7.—Esp., to abound in wealth, to be rich (cf. abundantia, II.):

et absentes adsunt et egentes abundant,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

Caietam, si quando abundare coepero, ornabo,

id. Att. 1, 4, 3.—Hence, ăbun-dans, antis, P. a., overflowing.

Lit., of rivers, fluids, etc.:

fluvius abundantior aestate,

i. e. fuller, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

abundantissimus amnis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

menses (mulierum),

Plin. 22, 25, 71, § 147. —

Transf.

Existing in abundance, copious, abundant:

non adesā jam, sed abundanti etiam pecuniā sic dissolutus,

Cic. Quint. 12, 40.—

Containing abundance, abounding, rich, full; constr. with abl., gen., or absol.

With abl.:

vir abundans bellicis laudibus, Cn. Pompeius,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 78:

abundantior consilio, ingenio, sapientiā,

id. Pis. 26, 62:

rerum copiā et sententiarum varietate abundantissimus,

id. de Or. 2, 14, 58.—

With gen.:

(via) copiosa omniumque rerum abundans,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5:

lactis,

Verg. E. 2, 20:

corporis, Claud. ap. Eutrop. 2, 380: pietatis,

id. IV. Cons. Hon. 113.—

Absol.:

non erat abundans, non inops tamen oratio,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

abundantior atque ultra quam oportet fusa materia,

Quint. 2, 4, 7:

abundantissima cena,

Suet. Ner. 42; cf. id. Calig. 17.—Also in a bad sense, of discourse, pleonastic, superabundant, Quint. 12, 10, 18; 8, 3, 56.— Hence, adv.:

ex abundanti,

superabundantly, Quint. 4, 5, 15; 5, 6, 2; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 46 al.—

Esp., abounding in wealth, rich (syn. dives, opp. egens):

(supellex) non illa quidem luxuriosi hominis, sed tamen abundantis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 66:

haec utrum abundantis an egentis signa sunt?

id. Par. 6, 1, § 43.—Hence, adv.: ăbundanter, abundantly, copiously:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 2, 35:

ferre fructum,

Plin. 24, 9, 42.— Comp., Cic. Trop. 10.— Sup., Suet. Aug. 74.

crūdĭtas, ātis, f. [id.] (lit. indigestion; hence, meton.),

(Effectus pro causa.) An overloading, repletion of the stomach, Cic. Sen. 13, 44; id. Fam. 9, 18, 4; id. Fat. 15, 34; Quint. 2, 21, 19; 5, 9, 11; Col. prooem. § 16; 6, 6, 1 al.—

Transf., of plants:

arbores laborant et fame et cruditate,

superabundance of nutritious juices, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 219.—

(Abstr. pro concr.) Undigested food:

cruditates digerunt daucum, plantago, etc.,

Plin. 26, 7, 25, § 41; cf.:

cruditas fructuum,

i. e. bitterness, Pall. Febr. 9, 13.

nĭmĭus, a, um, adj. [nimis], beyond measure, excessive, too great, too much.

Lit.:

quod autem satis est, eo quidquid accesserit nimium est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 27, 81:

vitem coërcet, ne in omnes partes nimia fundatur,

id. Sen. 15, 52:

nimiae celeritates,

id. Off. 1, 36, 131:

nimiā pertinaciā atque arrogantiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85:

Prometheus Assiduam nimio pectore pavit avem,

that grew again too fast, Mart. Spect. 7, 2.—

With abl. of thing, excessive, immoderate, intemperate in any thing:

fiduciā nimius, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess.: rebus secundis nimii,

too much elated, Tac. H. 4, 23:

nimius mero,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 5.—

With gen.:

impotens et nimius animi est,

Liv. 6, 11, 3:

imperii,

id. 3, 26:

sermonis,

Tac. H. 3, 75:

pugnae,

Sil. 5, 232.—

Subst.: nĭmĭum, ii, n., too much, superabundance, excess:

mediocritatem illam tenebit, quae est inter nimium et parum,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89:

juris,

Sil. 14, 670:

auri argentique nimium fuit,

Plin. 33 prooem. § 5.—

In partic., too mighty, too powerful (post-Aug.):

Cn. Pompeium esse nimium jam liberae reipublicae,

Vell. 2, 32, 1:

legio legatis nimia ac formidolosa erat,

Tac. Agr. 7; Flor. 3, 15, 3.—

Transf., great beyond measure, i. e. very great, very much:

homo nimiā pulchritudine,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 8:

nimia memoras mira,

id. Am. 2, 1, 69; 5, 1, 52; Mart. 5, 64, 3.—

Subst.: nĭmĭum, ii, n.: nimium boni est, cui nil est [in diem] mali, it is great good fortune (a transl. of Eurip. Hec. 2: keinos olbiôtatos), Enn. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 41 (Trag. v. 237 Vahl.).—Hence,

In the abl., nĭmĭo, adverb., exceedingly, by far, much, very, Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

nimio mavolo,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 90.—Esp., with comparatives, = multo:

scito, nimio celerius venire quod molestum'st,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 69 Lorenz ad loc.:

nimio nequior,

id. ib. 1, 2, 65: quia te nimio plus diligo, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A, 1:

ne doleas plus nimio,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 1:

nimio minus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 21:

nimio melius,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 31:

nimio plus quam satis tutum esset, etc.,

Liv. 1, 2, 3:

nimio plus quam velim,

id. 2, 37, 4; 29, 33, 4:

nimio amplior,

Gell. 1, 3, 25.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

nĭmĭum, too much, too ( = nimis, in all uses, v. infra):

nimium parce facere sumptum,

Ter. And. 2, 6, 19:

nimium dicere, opp. parum,

Cic. Clu. 58, 160:

nimium ne crede colori,

Verg. E. 2, 17:

diu,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10:

longum tempus,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

nimium multi,

id. Clu. 46, 126:

nimium gratum... gratum praeter modum,

id. Planc. 33, 82:

amantes mei,

Quint. 1 prooem. 7 et saep.—

Non nimium, not very much, not particularly:

illud non nimium probo,

Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 7.—

Transf., very much, greatly, exceedingly:

homo nimium lepidus,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 8:

nimium lepida nimisque nitida femina,

id. ib. 4, 2, 12; id. Ps. 1, 2, 71:

loci nimium mirabiles,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 86:

nimium vellem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 49:

o fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint, Agricolas!

Verg. G. 2, 458:

felix, heu nimium felix!

id. A. 4, 657; Stat. S. 3, 3, 25.—In class. prose esp.—

Nimium quantum, as much as can be, very much indeed, exceedingly, very:

differt inter honestum et turpe nimium quantum,

Cic. Fin. 4, 25, 70:

sales in dicendo nimium quantum valent,

id. Or. 26, 87:

ille nimium quantum audacter, Oves, inquit, etc.,

Gell. 16, 6, 9 (nimium quam, false reading for quae nimium, Quint. 4, 2, 70. In Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 13, the better reading is hem quam, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).—

nĭmĭē (post-class.).

Too much, excessively:

nimie aliquid facere,

Capitol. Gord. 6:

arat (frontem rugis) non nimie sed pulchre dictum,

Macr. S. 6, 6.—

Transf., very much, very:

in locis nimie frigidis,

Pall. 4, 10.

sŭper-flŭo, ĕre, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to run over, overflow (mostly postAug.; only once in Cic.; syn. redundo).

Lit.:

in aeneo vase leniter coquuntur, ne superfluant,

Cels. 6, 18, 2:

fons superfluit,

Plin. 31, 4, 28, § 51:

superfluentis Nili receptacula,

Tac. A. 2, 61:

si (Nilus) immodicus superfluxit,

Sen. Ben. 6, 7, 3. —

Trop.

To be superabundant, to superabound:

pecunia non superfluens,

Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5:

virgines,

id. Contr. 1, 3, 4:

populus,

id. ad Helv. 6, 11:

claritas,

Plin. 4, 7, 11, § 24.—

Transf., to be superfluous:

nihil neque desit, neque superfluat,

Quint. 8, 2, 22; so (opp. deesse) id. 12, 10, 16; cf. id. 10, 7, 13; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 115.—

To have a superabundance of a thing:

cum Venetis Aquileia superfluit armis,

Sil. 8, 606:

redundantes nos et superfluentes juvenili quādam dicendi impunitate et licentiā, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316; cf.:

orator non satis pressus sed supra modum exsultans et superfluens,

extravagant, Tac. Or. 18.— Absol.:

superbus et superfluens (sc. divitiis),

Cat. 29, 7.—

Act., to flow by or past:

nec quae dicentur, superfluent aures,

Quint. 2, 5, 13 Spald.

sŭperflŭō, adv., v. superfluus fin.